A tumour marker is a substance that is selectively graduated by the neoplastic tissue. It is then released into the blood where from it can be detected.
Ideal tumour marker should fulfil. the following criteria:
- .It should be produced only by the tumour cells.
- If Should be Specific.
- Its measurement either in the blood or urine should be sensitive enough to detect microscopic or sub clinical disease.
- Tumour markers are used to monitor the response of therapy. Ideally the antigen (tumour marker) level should represent the tumour volume correctly. Progressive rise in marker value indicates ineffective chemotherapy.
- The assay should be inexpensive and acceptable.
The tumour marker should not only indicate the presence but also the site of tumour origin
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Tumour marker is useful in screening, diagnosis and management of a case and for follow up. However, the detection of tumour marker is seldom made before the cell population becomes 1010.
(The role of serum CA-125 in the evaluation of disease (ovarian carcinoma) progression and regression is invaluable. Similarly, serum BhCG is useful in the diagnosis, management and follow up of cases with GTN.)
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